Narcolepsy, cancer, or mRNA vaccine research could win the Nobel Medicine Prize on Monday, when a week of announcements begins, but there is no clear frontrunner for the Nobel Peace Prize, according to analysts.
The Nobel Prizes were established in 1901 by Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel in his 1895 will to honor people who had “conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.”
The Medicine Prize will be announced first, around 11:30 a.m. (0930 GMT) on Monday, followed by the awards for physics on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday, and literature on Thursday.
The Peace Prize, the most awaited Nobel and the only one announced in Oslo, will be announced on Friday, followed by the Economics Prize on October 9.
Over the years, the Medicine Prize has recognized important discoveries such as the X-ray, penicillin, insulin, and DNA, as well as now-discredited prizes for the lobotomy and the insecticide DDT.
Several Nobel watchers believe this year’s prize will go to narcolepsy research and the discovery of orexin, a neuropeptide that helps regulate sleep.
It could potentially go to Hungarian-born Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman of the United States for research that led directly to Pfizer and Moderna’s first mRNA vaccines against Covid-19.
Their finding has already received a plethora of important medical accolades, but the Nobel committee now frequently waits decades to bestow its honors in order to ensure that the science stands the test of time.
“Maybe the Academy thinks it needs to look into it more, but someday they should win,” predicted Annika Ostman, science reporter at Swedish public radio SR.
Gene engineering and IceCube telescope
But Ostman said her guess for this year was on Kevan Shokat, an American biologist who figured out how to block the KRAS cancer gene behind a third of cancers, including challenging-to-treat lung, colon, and pancreatic tumours.
T-cell therapy for cancer treatment and work on the human microbiome could also be contenders, said David Pendlebury, head of the Clarivate analytics group which identifies Nobel-worthy research.
“There are more people deserving of a Nobel Prize than there are Nobels to go around,” he told AFP.
Lars Brostrom, Ostman’s colleague at SR, singled out two American biologists, Stanislas Leibler and Michael Elowitz, for their work on synthetic gene circuits which established the field of synthetic biology.
It enables scientists to redesign organisms by engineering them to have new abilities.
But Brostrom noted the field could be seen as controversial, raising “ethical questions about where to draw the line in creating life”.
For the Physics Prize, twisted graphene or the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica were seen as possible winners, as well as the development of high-density data storage in the field of spintronics.
Peace Prize to Iranian women?
For Wednesday’s Chemistry Prize, Pendlebury suggested next-generation DNA sequencing could get the nod, or research into how to target and deliver drugs to genes.
Brostrom said he would love to see it go to US-based chemist Omar Yaghi for his work into porous materials known as MOFs, which can absorb poisonous gases or harvest water from desert air, and is an “important field for the future” with enormous potential for the environment.
Criticism over a lack of gender and geographical diversity has plagued the Nobels over the years.
US-based men have dominated the science fields, while women account for just six percent of overall laureates — something the various award committees insist they are addressing.
Among the names making the rounds for Thursday’s Literature Prize are Russian author and outspoken Putin critic Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Chinese avant-garde writer Can Xue, British author Salman Rushdie, Caribbean-American writer Jamaica Kincaid and Norwegian playwright Jon Fosse.
But for the Peace Prize, experts have been scratching their heads over possible winners, as conflicts rage around the globe.
Some have pointed to the Iranian women protesting since the death in custody a year ago of Mahsa Amini, arrested for violating Iran’s strict dress code imposed on women.
Others suggest organisations documenting war crimes in Ukraine, or the International Criminal Court, which could one day be called upon to judge them.
“I think that climate change is a really good focus for the Peace Prize this year,” Dan Smith, the head of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, told AFP after a year of extreme weather around the world.
For the Economics Prize, research on income and wealth inequality could be honoured.
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